Which language component is often context-reduced?

Cognitive academic language proficiency, often referred to as CALP, is a language component that is typically context-reduced. This means that it relies heavily on the understanding of abstract concepts and academic vocabulary, often in formal and decontextualized settings. In educational contexts, CALP is used in tasks such as writing essays, reading academic texts, and participating in discussions that require critical thinking and analysis.

In contrast, Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS) involve conversational language used in everyday interactions and are generally context-embedded, meaning nonverbal cues, physical context, and social settings can provide additional support for comprehension. Frozen language refers to fixed phrases that remain unchanged, often occurring in ceremonial or formal contexts, while informal language is casual and often used in relaxed environments. Both BICS and informal language are characterized by their connection to social contexts, whereas CALP operates more independently of immediate contextual cues, making it more challenging for English language learners to grasp without adequate background knowledge in the subject matter.