What is the term for the language used for a specific purpose in a particular social setting?

The term that refers to the language used for a specific purpose within a particular social setting is known as "language register." This concept encompasses the variations in language that are appropriate for different contexts, such as formal, informal, academic, or professional settings. Language register accounts for factors such as the audience, the subject matter, and the purpose of communication, allowing speakers to adjust their language style accordingly.

For instance, a person may use a more formal register when writing a business report but switch to a more casual register when chatting with friends. Understanding language register is essential for effective communication, as it helps convey the appropriate tone and meaning relative to the situation.

The other options are related to language in different ways. A dialect refers to a particular form of a language that is specific to a region or group, capturing variations in pronunciation and vocabulary. The lexicon is the complete set of words and phrases in a language, including their meanings, rather than specifying a context. Cognates are words in different languages that have a common origin and are typically similar in form and meaning, not connected to the use of language within specific social settings.