What is the foundation of fluency in second language (L2) according to the Monitor Theory?

The Monitor Theory, developed by Stephen Krashen, posits that the foundation of fluency in a second language (L2) is rooted in language acquisition rather than formal learning or instruction. Language acquisition refers to the subconscious process of developing proficiency in a language through natural communication and immersive experiences, as opposed to explicit grammar instruction and conscious learning that occurs in formal educational settings.

In the context of language acquisition, the emphasis is on understanding and internalizing the language through interaction and meaningful use, which helps learners develop fluency. This is in contrast to the other concepts, which focus on different aspects of learning a language; for example, language monitoring refers to the conscious application of learned grammatical rules while speaking or writing, which does not foster the same level of fluency as instinctive communication.

Thus, the core principle of the Monitor Theory highlights that fluency is primarily nurtured through natural language acquisition experiences, making it a crucial foundation for developing proficiency in a second language.